Green Chemistry | Introduction | Principles | Applications | thetutee

 

APPLICATION OF GREEN CHEMISRTY IN PRINCIPLIE AGRICULTURE

Introduction

Green chemistry involves the architecture and development of product and processes the attenuate or annihilate the use and bearing of chemicals and human health. The principles of green chemistry associate the development of green catalysts and use of non- toxic reagents. Green chemistry accents the use of reactions improved atom ability, use of solvent free or environmentally benign recyclable solvent system and use of renewable resources.

Nowadays, green chemistry plays a new paradigm in the field of agriculture. Acceptable agriculture and green chemistry are both agent fields and intertwined. In last few years, for acceptable production in agriculture use of renewable biomass resource increase to achieve bio-based food products with low ampules, zero waste, substantial social values and minimizing environmental impact. This article provides a good insight about green chemistry principles in acceptable agriculture.

Keywords: Green chemistry, agriculture pesticides, acceptable agriculture, chemistry dynamite.

The problems of poverty in developing countries increase the appeal of more productive and industrialized abridgement, which cause the global and local environmental pollution, and the non- sustainable use of natural resources.

Environmental pollution bluff, ranging from atmospheric pollution in cities, acid rain, borough solid waste, deforestation and desertification, the reduction of ozone layer and signs of climate change were overlooked. The idea of acceptable eco- development was presented for the first time in 1987 in the report of the world commission on Environment and Development of the United Nations.

In last few years, the production of synthetic pesticides was increasing, and the modern agriculture methods produced major greenhouse gases e.g., discharge of 84% nitrous oxide (N₂0) annually in all over the world.

The conflicting impact of contagion in agrochemical fields through indirect or direct baring of abnormal use of pesticides, effects the animals and human health. Pesticides includes all chemical which are used to control or kin the badgered, but these pesticides in food chain brace with biomagnifications and bioaccumulation having adverse effects on entire animals and human life. To minimize these harmful effects application of organic farming should be increased in place of synthetic pesticides.

 

These pesticides also cause the contamination of ground water and led to eutrophication of rivers and lake waters, and the movement of toxic chemical from surroundings into an organism. There are some pesticides e.g., DDT, which are soluble and acquire in blubbery tissues and causes biomagnifications and in food chain.

 

Green chemistry involves the design and development of product and processes that minimize or eliminate the use and generation of chemical difficult to the environment and human health. The principles if green chemistry associate the development of green catalysts and use of non- toxic reagents. Green chemistry accentuates the use of reaction improved atom ability, use of solvent free or environmentally begin recyclable solvent system and use of renewable resources.

 

Green chemistry:

In 1998, Paul Anastas and John C. Warner developed the 12 principles of green chemistry.

Green chemistry starts with molecular level and after all indicating the most important environmentally hurtful processes and products. In 2001, at university of Colorado, Boulder, IUPAC CHEMRAWN XlV conference on green chemistry.

Towards Environmentally Benign processes and products, was organized and in this conference several chemists discussed the effects of agricultural and industrial activities on atmospheric chemistry. They advised “design -for - environment'' framework to work with consumer’s and disbelieve the defense of foods and crops developed by green methods for green agricultural practice. Nowadays, green chemistry plays a new anomaly in the field of agriculture.

In last few years, for production in agriculture use of renewable biomass resources increases to generate bio-based food products the low inputs, zero waste, substantial social values and minimizing environmental impact. Sustainability of agriculture is the basis area which desire green chemistry strategies in agrochemical field for implanting the accurate use of pesticide and fertilizers.

Green Principles Application in Agriculture

* Beginning with the selection of renewable - non - toxic feedstocks.

* The design of safe and energy efficient synthetic procedures.

* Largest consumption of all materials into the product.

* Generally durable - non- toxic products function.

* Ensuring the natural degradability of all products and by - product at the end of life.

* The principle of green chemistry is especially relevant to the manufacturing and making of agrichemicals due to their direct impact on human and environment health. However, current agricultural practices are still based on comprehensive production methods using unsustainable technologies developed during the ' green revolution'.

* As consumer focus shifts towards establishing a sustainable and secure food accumulation, the agrichemical industry will depend upon a second ' green revolution ' appropriate green chemistry principles to continue providing products relevant agricultural practices which will be safer and sounder.

* The bio pesticides itself has scalable and green technology which has direct implication on sustainable agriculture for broad production. The work used for the preparation of bio catalysis processes.

*  Nowadays, the manufacture emphasizing the of conventional solvents to green solvents to green solvents for worker safety in chemical and  environmental protection. The selection of right solvents has always increased the benefits to environment, safer to user and improved awareness. Currently, the green solvents, represented the around 10% market. In the last few years, laboratory synthesis and manufacturing in industry replacing into catalyst free reaction on water and in water.

* Recently organic solvent with high volatility and inherent toxicity were change by the toxic liquids (ILs). Ionic liquids are organic solvents salts usually melt below 100c, high thermal stability, nearly non - volatility under normal conditions, dissolve non - polar and polar organic, inorganic compounds. For these reason, ionic liquids called " designer solvents”.

Further Discussion

Green chemistry seeking the goal towards form profitability to the community prosperity and improving soil quality by reducing the dependence use of non - renewable resources. Such as synthetic fertilizers and resources and pesticides, minimizing the adverse effects on water quality, wildlife, and safety.

There are various alternatives of chemical farming such as biological agriculture, organic farming, natural forming, bio- dynamic agriculture. Bio- pesticides are organic in nature, so these can be employed in farming for controlling the pests, insect, weeds and for plants physiology and productivity and the percentage yield.

 These bio pesticides are bio- degradable to the environments. Therefore, for sustainable developments, shift the agricultural farming natural farming, bio- dynamic agriculture, ecological agriculture. Bio- pesticides are organic in nature, so these can be organic in nature, so these can be employed in farming for controlling the pests, insects, weeds and for sustainable developments, shift the agriculture forming into green chemistry manufacturing processes, use of crop protection and production and develop green agrochemicals.

Thus, sustainable agriculture and green chemistry are both revolutionary fields and intertwined. for this green chemist needs that the farming used green technology for sustainable agriculture and farmers needs safe and green agricultural inputs. The biocatalyst has been used increasingly in agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals and food industries, these can help in reducing the waste and improving the yield of products.

The population of world stands at 7 billion and increase up to 9.3 billion by 2050. This will require food production to be increased by 70% to meet the demand. Therefore, it is necessary to increases the crop productivity, reduced preharvest loss and post-harvest lost pest attack by employing biochemical processes with green techniques. The agrochemical industries have carrying major growth in futures. The industry, regulatory bodies, government, and academia can build a collaborative work together and employs their ideas of green chemistry practices.

Conclusion

There are mainly three aspects by which green chemistry connects with sustainable agriculture. First, the principle of green chemistry recommended the use of bio- base material which are renewable such as agricultural waste products. Chemists should emphasize the work on developing the bio pesticides, bio - fertilizers and biocatalysts for transforming the agriculture material into high value products and enhancing their production and protection.

Secondary, use of green chemistry in site remediation by interaction with agriculture. In a traditional farming, farmers do not know how to deal with valuable tool, leave some unwanted chemicals which contaminated the environment (in soil, air, and water). Green chemists at Carnegie Mellon university have investigated the TAML catalysts. This green catalyst is safe to remove the special chemicals including pesticides, from water. Thus, green chemists to help the farmers how to tackle with contamination, removing pollutant, unwanted chemicals and manage the use of recycled water.

At last, green chemistry results, the new green inputs for sustainable agriculture productions and protections. Where every habitat is respected so that the food chain does not disturb.