Narcotics | Narcotic Drugs Types | Narcotics Advantages and Disadvantages

Narcotics

Introduction to Narcotics

Narcotics are chemicals that are used for the treatment or prevention of diseases. They are strong painkillers and are widely known to be addictive drugs: commonly harmed narcotics include heroin, morphine, phentermine narcotic, methadone, Codeine and Hydromorphone. These chemicals are highly habit-forming and can be abused or misused.

The drugs are often approved in combination with other less effective painkillers (paracetamol or aspirin). These are used to relieve pain for patients with never-ending diseases like cancer. These are also used to relieve acute pain after operations. But some people may abuse narcotics for the delighted effect that’s why its use is highly restricted by the government.   

Morphine and codeine are narcotics, derived from opium (poppy). Morphine acts directly on the central nervous system to relieve pain. Morphine has a high potential for infatuation. The most harmed narcotics i.e., heroin is a semi-synthetic drug from morphine. It affects the central nervous system and causes sleepiness.

In the US, the term "narcotic" has emerged to be associated with opiates and opioids, most popularly morphine and heroine, as well as derivatives of the numerous chemicals present inside this unrefined opium latex. The word "narcotic," which derives from the ancient Greek "to make insensitive," typically refers medically to any psychoactive substance with dulling or paralyzing properties. The three main substances commonly used are morphine, codeine, and thebaine. Although thebaine is only minimally psychoactive on its own, it serves as the progenitor for the bulk of semi-synthetic opioids like oxycodone and hydrocodone.

According to the law, the word "narcotic" can be broadly described as having a bad implication. A narcotic drug, including heroin, or one that is used abusively is completely forbidden and when used it should legally satisfy laws in the United States.

The phrase has a more precise definition and is not typically associated with harm in the medical world. In the United States, federal law classifies both cocaine and amphetamines as (agenda) drugs; however, even though cocaine, apart from amphetamine, is classified as a narcotic, the consequence for possession of cocaine is greater than the punishment for possession of amphetamine. This is because cocaine, unlike amphetamine, is categorized as a narcotic.

Sources of the Narcotics     

The main source of the narcotic drug is the opium poppy plant, its unripe seeds are used to extract the medicine.     

               

Narcotic disambiguation

Narcotics refers to medical or psychoactive compounds with sleep-inducing properties. In the United States, it has become related to opiates and opioids, commonly morphine and heroin, as well as derivatives of many of the compounds found within opium latex.

Narcotics Anonymous or NA, nonprofit fellowship or society of men and women for who drugs had become a major problem.

v Codeine

v Fentanyl-available as an area

v Hydro morphine

v Meperiddine

v Oxycodiene

v Tramantol

Narcotic and non-narcotics Analgesics

Narcotics and non-narcotics analgesics Faraza Jawed M-Phil pharmacology and analgesics, narcotics, or painkiller is any member of the group of drugs used to accomplish analgesia- relief from pain. Major classes of analgesic drugs; are opioids, NSAIDs, acetaminophen/PCM, flupirtine, and ziconotide.

Narcotics analgesic/opioids narcotic analgesics are drugs that relieve pain, by necessary opioid receptors, which are present in the central peripheral nervous system, causing a lack of feeling and carrying on a state of unconsciousness.

Classified into natural compounds: morphine, codeine papaverine semi-synthetic: diacetylmorphine (Heroine), benzyl morphine and ethyl morphine synthetic derivatives: fentanyl, pethidine, and methadone, tramadol, and propoxyphene loperamide, an opiate that does not enter the brain and therefor lacks analgesic activities.  

Mechanism of action all opioid receptors are G-protein attached receptors and in tendency adenylate cyclase. They are also mixed up in postsynaptic hyperpolarization (increasing K+ efflux) reduction presynaptic Ca++ influx thus inhibiting neuronal activity.

Opioid receptors all opioid receptors are associated with G-proteins to inhibit the opening of calcium channels (inhabiting released transmitters). there are four types of receptors. U- receptors are responsible for most analgesic effects of opioids, and for some major unnecessary effects K-receptor contributes to analgesia at the spinal level and may extract sedation and dysphoria but produce fairly few unwanted effects and do not donate to self-reliance. Gamma-receptors are most likely more important in the side-line and may also donate to analgesia.

Alpha-receptors are not true opioid receptors it is unclear what delta is responsible for, but many adjust receptors' activity.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Narcotic

overdose can cause poison i.e., respiratory depression causes dryness of mouth, mental clouding, vomiting, headache, fatigue, dizziness, Itching, chest pain, abnormal heartbeat, and constipation.

Methadone is a synthetic drug and is an orally effective opioid that is something equal in efficiency to morphine but induces less euphoria and has a longer interval of action. Methadone is readily fascinated following oral organization. The drug is bio-transformed in the liver and is excreted in the urine, mainly as motionless metabolites. Adverse effects: methadone can produce physical reliance like that of morphine.

It is now believed that this careful self-consciousness of the enzyme COX-3 in the brain and spinal cord explains the efficiency of paracetamol in relieving pain and reducing fever without having unwanted gastrointestinal side effects of paracetamol at a molecular level is unclear but there is a general suggestion that the analgesic effect of descending serotonergic pathway it is a most important side of action may still be self-consciousness of PG synthesis. Useful in kind to logical pain like headache, pyrexia, myalgia etc. in case of patients allergic to aspirin patient with haemophilia. Patients with PUD (peptide ulcer disease) are patients who are taking other uricosuric drugs (salicylate competes with the uric acid in tubular secretion).

Flupirtine is a centrally acting, non-opioid analgesic that is available in several European countries for the handling of a mixture of pain states. Flupirtine acts indirectly NMDA receptor antagonist by activation of K+ channels. The establishment of these channels leads to hyperpolarization of the neuronal membrane and the neuron becomes less impulsive: thus, there is the stabilization of the resting neuronal membrane.

Ziconotide is a non-narcotic pain reliever that is used to treat and dissolve chronic pains in people who cannot use or do not take action on average pain-relieving medication. This action inhibits the release of nociceptive neurochemicals like glutamate and substance P in the brain and spinal cord, resulting in pain relief. In humans, a spinal mixture of prelate produces considerable pain relief in patients with intractable pain connected with cancer, AIDS and in some neuropathic pain conditions.

Properties of Narcotics

Drug-like properties are defined by Sugiyama as the physiochemical properties (such as solubility, stability, etc.) and biological characteristics that are reliable with good clinical performance. According to the research result of Lipinski et. The term drug-like compound refers to those compounds with acceptable ADME/TOX properties, and able to survive phase clinical trials.

 

 

Burckhardt critical out that the responsibility of medicinal chemists is not only to optimize the benefits of the anti-infective drug and anti-infective drugs and anti-cancer drugs: the best R-value internals of nominee drugs are in the range of 0.05 -0.50 and R-value OF Candidate CNS drugs should be as a small as possible in this time.

we developed that the three chemical structure-related crematoria may be applicable in a probable manner for the identification of original candidate drugs and will provide imaginary organization for scheming new chemical entities with a good drug-like property the numbers of some special functional groups and the heavy atoms proportion of 6891 global approval small drugs have been expansively analyzed. we first naked three important structure-related criteria closely related to drug-likeness.

·     The best number of sweet-smelling and nonromantic rings are 2 and 1 respectively

·    The best functional group of candidate drugs are usually OH, COOR, and COOH turn but not CONHOH, SO₃, SH, CHO and, SO₃H. In addition, F functional group is beneficial to anti-infective drugs.

·     The three factors have considerable potential for the measurement of the drug-like properties of organic molecules.

·   In many western countries, heroin is prescribed as a strong analgesic under the name of diamorphine. It is used to include treatment of acute pain, such as in severe physical suffering from myocardial infarction, post-surgical pain etc.

 

Narcotic Drug addiction associated problems

Many studies that experts in social sciences proved that there exists a close relationship between drug addiction and crime. The pressure for the narcotic drug makes every drug addict a law violator and a criminal. Mere possession of a narcotic drug is a violation of the law. Thus, every drug addict is subject a capture by the police.

 

Most narcotic addicts get involved in various types of crime e.g., robbery shoplifting, burglary, embezzlement etc. drug addicts may commit violent crimes since so many become extrasensory patients. The addicts are very weak in their social behaviour. They face social disgrace i.e., society dislikes them because of their impulsive behaviours.

 

The best way is not to use any kind of narcotic drug without a prescription from the doctor. It is the most legal and safest way of using any narcotic.

BE AWARE, AND STAY SAFE!

Jobs in Narcotics Department

For Jobs in the Anti-narcotics department visit your own country's anti-narcotics website and contribute to this noble cause.     

References:

1-     Ansite, Francie’s Edmund (1895) stimulants and narcotics, their mutual relation: with special research on the action of alcohol, ether, and chloroform on the vital organism.

2-     Julien, Robert primer of drug achievement. 11^th addition, Claire D. Advocaat, Joseph. Comatly,edu. New York: worth publishers 2008.

3-     Mangione mp, matoken: improving pain management communication. How patients understand the terms “opioid” and “narcotic”. Journal of general inner medicine 2008:

4-     NIH.gov retrieved November 10, 2015

5-     OXIFOARD Dictionaries Retrieved November 10, 2015

6-     Children’s hospital of Philadelphia retrieved November 10, 2015

7-     Carl B. Schultz (1983). “Note and statement: statutory categorization of cocaine as a narcotic: